Pneumatic Valve Types & Applications

A guide to directional control valves, mechanically and electrically actuated valves, and valve terminals in pneumatic systems.

December 10, 2025

12 min read

BRS PROSES Engineering Team

In a pneumatic system, the component actually moving the cylinder isn't the compressor - it's the directional control valve. Pick the wrong type and the system either costs more than it needs to or fails to do the job.

Valve Type	Ports/Positions	Typical Use
3/2 Valve	3 ports / 2 positions	Single-acting cylinder
5/2 Valve	5 ports / 2 positions	Double-acting cylinder (standard)
5/3 Valve (closed center)	5 ports / 3 positions	Mid-stroke stop
5/3 Valve (open center)	5 ports / 3 positions	Vent both sides on emergency stop

1. Valves by Port and Position Count

A 3/2 valve is enough to drive a single-acting cylinder. Double-acting cylinders standardly use a 5/2 valve, since it manages separate air paths for both forward and return motion.

1.1. The Special Case of the 5/3 Valve

A 5/3 valve has an extra middle "closed center" or "open center" position, allowing the cylinder to stop mid-stroke or vent both sides to atmosphere when power is cut - preferred in safety stop applications.

2. Actuation Method

Mechanical/Manual: operated by button, pedal, or roller lever; suited to electricity-free applications
Solenoid (Single Coil): runs on PLC signal, returns to prior position via spring
Solenoid (Double Coil): switches with a coil signal at both positions, holds last position even if power is cut

"Valve terminals connect multiple valves to a single air supply and a single electrical connector, cutting installation time roughly in half."
— BRS PROSES Engineering Team

3. BRS Proses Valve Selection Support

Valve configuration recommendation based on cylinder type
Valve terminal (manifold) design
PLC integration consulting
Fast valve diagnostics on failure